Home  ›  Simple Drawing of a Wide Body Jet Airliner

Simple Drawing of a Wide Body Jet Airliner

Written By Thursday, April 7, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Airliner with 2 aisles

A wide-trunk aircraft, likewise known as a twin-aisle shipping, is an airliner with a fuselage wide enough to adapt two passenger aisles with vii or more than seats beside.[1] The typical fuselage diameter is 5 to 6 m (16 to twenty ft).[2] In the typical broad-torso economic system cabin, passengers are seated seven to ten beside,[3] allowing a total capacity of 200 to 850[4] passengers. The largest wide-body shipping are over six k (xx ft) wide, and can accommodate upwards to eleven passengers abreast in high-density configurations.

By comparison, a typical narrow-trunk airliner has a diameter of 3 to 4 m (x to thirteen ft), with a unmarried alley,[1] [5] and seats between 2 and half-dozen people beside.[six]

Broad-body aircraft were originally designed for a combination of efficiency and passenger condolement and to increase the amount of cargo infinite. All the same, airlines quickly gave in to economic factors, and reduced the extra rider space in guild to maximize revenue and profits.[7]

Wide-trunk aircraft are also used for the transport of commercial freight and cargo[eight] and other special uses, described farther below.

The term jumbo jet usually refers to the largest variants of wide-body airliners; examples include the Boeing 747 (the first wide-trunk and original "colossal jet"), Airbus A380 ("superjumbo jet"), Boeing 777X and Airbus A350-thou ("mini jumbo jet").[9] [10] The phrase "jumbo jet" derives from Jumbo, a circus elephant in the 19th century.[11] [12]

Seven-beside aircraft typically seat 160 to 260 passengers, eight-beside 250 to 380, ix- and x-beside 350 to 480.[thirteen]

Past the end of 2017, nearly 8,800 wide-body airplanes had been delivered since 1969, peaking at 412 in 2015.[xiv]

History [edit]

Following the success of the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 in the late 1950s and early 1960s, airlines began seeking larger aircraft to meet the rising global need for air travel. Engineers were faced with many challenges as airlines demanded more passenger seats per shipping, longer ranges and lower operating costs.

Early on jet aircraft such equally the 707 and DC-viii seated passengers along either side of a single aisle, with no more than six seats per row. Larger shipping would accept to exist longer, higher (such every bit a double-deck), or wider in club to accommodate a greater number of rider seats. Engineers realized having 2 decks created difficulties in meeting emergency evacuation regulations with the technology available at that time. During the 1960s, information technology was also believed that supersonic airliners would succeed larger, slower planes. Thus, information technology was believed that most subsonic aircraft would become obsolete for passenger travel and would be eventually converted to freighters. Every bit a effect, airline manufacturers opted for a wider fuselage rather than a taller i (the 747, and somewhen the DC-10 and L-1011). Past calculation a second aisle, the wider aircraft could accommodate equally many as x seats beyond, only could also be easily converted to a freighter and comport ii 8-by-eight freight pallets abreast.[15]

The engineers also opted for creating "stretched" versions of the DC-8 (61, 62 and 63 models), likewise equally longer versions of Boeing'southward 707 (-320B and 320C models) and 727 (-200 model); and Douglas' DC-9 (-30, -40, and -50 models), all of which were capable of all-around more seats than their shorter predecessor versions.

The wide-body age began in 1970 with the entry into service of the first wide-body airliner, the iv-engined, partial double-deck Boeing 747.[16] New trijet wide-body aircraft shortly followed, including the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. The first wide-body twinjet, the Airbus A300, entered service in 1974. This period came to be known as the "wide-body wars".[17]

L-1011 TriStars were demonstrated in the USSR in 1974, equally Lockheed sought to sell the aircraft to Aeroflot.[18] [nineteen] Withal, in 1976 the Soviet Union launched its own first four-engined wide-body, the Ilyushin Il-86.[xx]

After the success of the early wide-body aircraft, several subsequent designs came to market over the side by side two decades, including the Boeing 767 and 777, the Airbus A330 and A340, and the McDonnell Douglas MD-11. In the "jumbo" category, the capacity of the Boeing 747 was not surpassed until October 2007, when the Airbus A380 entered commercial service with the nickname "Superjumbo".[21] Both the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 "colossal jets" have four engines each (quad-jets), but the upcoming Boeing 777X ("mini jumbo jet") is a twinjet.[ix] [10]

In the mid-2000s, rising oil costs in a post-nine/eleven climate caused airlines to look towards newer, more than fuel-efficient shipping. Two such examples are the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A350 XWB. The proposed Comac C929 and C939 may as well share this new broad-torso market place.

A cross-department comparison of Airbus A380 (double-deck the full length) and Boeing 747-400 (double-deck only in the front department)

The production of the large Boeing 747-viii and Airbus A380 iv-engine, long-haul jets is coming to an terminate equally airlines are at present preferring the smaller, more than efficient A350, 787 and 777 twin-engine, long-range airliners.[22]

Pattern considerations [edit]

Fuselage [edit]

An Airbus A300'south cantankerous-department, showing cargo, passenger, and overhead areas

Although broad-body aircraft accept larger frontal areas (and thus greater grade drag) than narrow-body shipping of like chapters, they have several advantages over their narrow-body counterparts, such equally:

  • a larger cabin space for passengers, giving a more than open up feeling
  • a lower ratio of surface area to volume, and thus lower drag per passenger or cargo volume. The only exception to this would be with very long narrow-body aircraft, such as the Boeing 757 and Airbus A321.
  • Twin aisles that advance loading, unloading, and evacuation compared to a unmarried alley (wide-body airliners typically have iii.5 to 5 seats beside per aisle, compared to 5–6 on most narrow-trunk aircraft)[23]
  • Reduced overall aircraft length for a given chapters, improving ground manoeuvrability and reducing the run a risk of tail strikes.
  • Greater under-floor freight capacity
  • Meliorate structural efficiency for larger aircraft than would exist possible with a narrow-body blueprint

British and Russian designers had proposed broad-trunk aircraft like in configuration to the Vickers VC10 and Douglas DC-9, merely with a wide-body fuselage. The British Three-11 project never left the drawing board, while the Russian Il-86 wide-torso proposal eventually gave way to a more than conventional wing-mounted engine design, nigh likely due to the inefficiencies of mounting such large engines on the aft fuselage.

Engines [edit]

As jet engine power and reliability have increased over the terminal decades, most of the broad-body aircraft built today take only two engines. A twinjet pattern is more than fuel-efficient than a trijet or quadjet of similar size.[ citation needed ] The increased reliability of modern jet engines also allows shipping to meet the ETOPS certification standard, which calculates reasonable safety margins for flights across oceans. The trijet design was dismissed due to higher maintenance and fuel costs compared to a twinjet.[ citation needed ] Most modern wide-trunk aircraft take two engines, although the heaviest wide-body aircraft are built with four engines: the Airbus A380, Boeing 747-8. The upcoming Boeing 777X-9 twinjet is approaching the chapters of the earlier Boeing 747.[9] [10]

The Boeing 777 twinjet features the most powerful jet engine, the General Electric GE90.[24] The early variants take a fan diameter of 312 centimetres (123 in), and the larger GE90-115B has a fan diameter of 325 centimetres (128 in).[25] This is near equally wide as the 3.thirty metres (130 in) Fokker 100 fuselage. Complete GE90 engines can just be ferried by outsize cargo aircraft such as the Antonov An-124, presenting logistics problems if a 777 is stranded in a identify due to emergency diversions without the proper spare parts. If the fan is removed from the core, then the engines may be shipped on a Boeing 747 Freighter.[26] The General Electrical GE9X, powering the Boeing 777X, is wider than the GE90 by 15 centimetres (6 in).

The 560 tonnes (1,230,000 lb) maximum takeoff weight of the Airbus A380 would not have been possible without the engine engineering adult for the Boeing 777 such as contra-rotating spools.[27] Its Trent 900 engine has a fan diameter of 290 centimetres (116 in), slightly smaller than the GE90 engines on the Boeing 777. The Trent 900 is designed to fit into a Boeing 747-400F freighter for easier transport by air cargo.[28]

Interior [edit]

The interiors of aircraft, known as the aircraft cabin, have been undergoing evolution since the first passenger aircraft. Today, between one and four classes of travel are available on wide-trunk aircraft.

Bar and lounge areas which were in one case installed on wide-body shipping have generally disappeared, but a few have returned in offset class or business class on the Airbus A340-600,[29] Boeing 777-300ER,[thirty] and on the Airbus A380.[31] Emirates has installed showers for get-go-class passengers on the A380; xx-5 minutes are allotted for use of the room, and the shower operates for a maximum of five minutes.[32] [33]

Depending on how the airline configures the aircraft, the size and seat pitch of the airline seats will vary significantly.[34] For case, shipping scheduled for shorter flights are often configured at a higher seat density than long-haul aircraft. Due to electric current economic pressures on the airline industry, high seating densities in the economy class motel are likely to continue.[35]

In some of the largest unmarried-deck wide-trunk aircraft, such as the Boeing 777, the actress infinite higher up the cabin is used for crew rest areas and galley storage.

A comparing of interior cabin widths and economy class seating layouts is shown below under wide-body specifications. Further information can be establish under external links.

Wake turbulence and separation [edit]

Aircraft are categorized past ICAO according to the wake turbulence they produce. Because wake turbulence is mostly related to the weight of an aircraft, these categories are based on i of iv weight categories:[36] light, medium, heavy, and super.[37]

Due to their weight, all electric current wide-body aircraft are categorized as "heavy", or in the case of the A380 in U.S. airspace, "super".

The wake-turbulence category also is used to guide the separation of aircraft.[38] Super- and heavy-category aircraft require greater separation backside them than those in other categories. In some countries, such as the Usa, it is a requirement to suffix the aircraft'south telephone call sign with the give-and-take heavy (or super) when communicating with air traffic command in certain areas.

Special uses [edit]

Wide-body aircraft are used in science, research, and the military. Some wide-trunk shipping are used equally flight control posts by the military like the Ilyushin Il-fourscore[ citation needed ] or the Boeing E-4, while the Boeing E-767 is used for Airborne Early Alert and Control. New military weapons are tested aboard wide-bodies, as in the laser weapons testing on the Boeing YAL-1. Other wide-body shipping are used as flying inquiry stations, such as the articulation German–U.Due south. Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Airbus A340,[39] Airbus A380,[40] and Boeing 747[41] four-engine broad-body aircraft are used to test new generations of aircraft engines in flight. A few aircraft take also been converted for aerial firefighting, such as the DC-10-based[42] Tanker 910 and the 747-based Evergreen Supertanker.[43]

Some broad-torso aircraft are used as VIP transport. Canada uses the Airbus A310, while Russian federation use the Ilyushin Il-96, to ship those belongings the highest offices. Deutschland replaced their Airbus A310 with an Airbus A340 in spring 2011. Specially-modified Boeing 747-200s (Boeing VC-25s) are used to ferry the President of the The states.

Outsize cargo [edit]

Some wide-body aircraft have been modified to enable send of specially large cargo. Examples include the Airbus Beluga, Airbus Beluga XL, and the Boeing Dreamlifter. Ii peculiarly modified Boeing 747s were used to transport the U.S. Space Shuttle, while the Antonov An-225 was initially built to bear the Buran.

Comparison [edit]

Model produced MTOW
(tonnes) 		Length within
width 		outside
width 		economic system seats across seat
width[a] 		number congenital
767[44] 1981– 186.nine 48.51–61.37 chiliad (159.2–201.three ft) four.72 one thousand (186 in) 5.03 yard (198 in) 7: 2-three-2 (HD, 8: ii-4-2) 18" (16.4") 1190 (June 2020)
A300[45] 1974–2007 171.7 53.61–54.08 m (175.9–177.4 ft) 5.28 m (208 in) five.64 one thousand (222 in) 8: 2-4-2 (HD, ix: 3-3-iii) 17.2" (16.4") 561 (discontinued)
A310[46] 1983–1998 164 46.66 1000 (153.1 ft) 8: 2-four-2 17.2" 255 (discontinued)
A330[47] 1994– 242 58.82–63.67 m (193.0–208.9 ft) 8: two-4-2 (9: 3-iii-3 on 5J and D7[48] and JT) xviii" (16.5") 1497 (July 2020)
A340[49] 1993–2011 380 59.twoscore–75.36 m (194.9–247.two ft) 8: 2-4-ii (nine: three-3-3) 17.eight" (sixteen.four") 380 (discontinued)
787[50] 2007– 252.7 56.72–68.28 one thousand (186.1–224.0 ft) 5.49 m (216 in) v.76 m (227 in) 9: 3-3-iii (eight: two-4-two on JL[51]) 17.2" 1006 (June 2021)
CR929[52] 2025- (projected) 245[53] 63.755 m (209.17 ft)[53] 5.61 m (221 in) 5.92 m (233 in) 9: 3-3-3 17.nine" -
A350[54] 2010– 316 66.61–73.59 k (218.5–241.4 ft) v.61 thousand (221 in) v.96 thousand (235 in) nine: 3-3-3 (10: 3-4-3 on TX[55]) 18" (sixteen.five") 370 (July 2020)
DC-10[56] 1971–1989 259.5 51.97 m (170.5 ft) v.69 m (224 in) 6.02 m (237 in) 9: ii-4-3, x: three-4-3 18", xvi.5" 446 (discontinued)
MD-xi[57] 1990–2001 286 58.65 one thousand (192.4 ft) nine: ii-v-2, 10: 3-4-3 18", 16.5" 200 (discontinued)
L-1011[58] 1972–1985 231.three 54.17–fifty.05 grand (177.7–164.2 ft) five.77 m (227 in) vi.02 m (237 in) 9: three-four-2/2-five-2, 10: 3-iv-3 17.7", 16.5" 250 (discontinued)
Il-86 1980–1994 206 60.21 m (197.5 ft) v.70 m (224 in) half-dozen.08 m (239 in) 9: 3-3-3[59] 18" 106 (discontinued)
Il-96 1992- 270 55.3–63.94 m (181.4–209.8 ft) 30 (2016)
777[60] 1993– 351.5 63.7–73.9 one thousand (209–242 ft) v.86 m (231 in) 6.19 yard (244 in) 9: 3-iii-3, 10: 3-four-3 18.five", 17" 1637 (June 2020)
777X[61] 2019– 351.5 69.eight–76.7 m (229–252 ft) five.94 m (234 in) 10: 3-4-three 17.two" four (January 2021)
747[62] 1968–2022 447.7 56.3–76.25 m (184.seven–250.2 ft) 6.ten m (240 in)
upwardly: 3.46 m (136 in) 		6.50 g (256 in) 10: 3-4-iii (master)
6: 3-three (upper) 		17.2"/18.5" 1558 (partially discontinued)
A380[63] 2005–2021 575 72.72 chiliad (238.6 ft) 6.54 yard (257 in)
upwardly: 5.80 m (228 in) 		7.fourteen 1000 (281 in) x: 3-4-iii (HD) (main)
8: ii-4-ii (upper) 		18" (18") 246 (discontinued)
  1. ^ with 2" armrests when not otherwise specified

See likewise [edit]

  • Aircraft seat map
  • Competition betwixt Airbus and Boeing
  • Large aircraft
  • List of large aircraft
  • Narrow-torso aircraft

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b Ginger Gorham; Ginger Todd; Susan Rice (2003). A Guide to Becoming a Travel Professional. Cengage Learning. p. twoscore. ISBN9781401851774.
  2. ^ Paul J. C. Friedlander (1972-03-19). "the traveler's world; Examination of a New Wide-Bodied Airbus". New York Times.
  3. ^ Doganis, Rigas (2002). Flying Off Grade: The Economics of International Airlines . Routledge. p. 170. ISBN9780415213240.
  4. ^ "Dimensions & cardinal data | Airbus, a leading aircraft manufacturer". Airbus.com. 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2012-10-01 .
  5. ^ "narrowbody aircraft". Retrieved 2009-03-18 .
  6. ^ Imperial Aero Club (Great Britain), Royal Aero Club of the United kingdom (1967). Flight International. IPC Transport Press Ltd. p. 552.
  7. ^ Eric Stride (1981-05-24). "How Airline Cabins are Being Reshaped". New York Times.
  8. ^ "Wide body cargo screening even so a challenge". Impact Publications. 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2009-02-17 .
  9. ^ a b c "Boeing lands US$100B worth of orders for its new 777 mini-colossal jet, its biggest combined haul ever | Fiscal Post". Business.financialpost.com. 2013-11-18. Retrieved 2014-04-27 .
  10. ^ a b c Tina Fletcher-Hill (2011-11-23). "BBC Two – How to Build..., Series 2, A Super Jumbo Fly". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-04-27 .
  11. ^ Henry Nicholls, "Jumbo the Elephant goes large", The Guardian (November seven, 2013).
  12. ^ Eric Partridge, Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Anarchistic English language: J-Z (2006), p. 1128.
  13. ^ Ajoy Kumar Kundu (12 April 2010). Aircraft Design. Cambridge Academy Printing. ISBN978-1139487450.
  14. ^ Javier Irastorza Mediavilla (Feb 1, 2018). "Commercial wide-trunk airplanes' deliveries per year, 1969-2017".
  15. ^ Irving, Clive (1994). Wide Body: The Making of the Boeing 747. Coronet. ISBN0-340-59983-9.
  16. ^ Rumerman, Judy. "The Boeing 747" Archived October 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, U.Southward. Centennial of Flight Committee. Retrieved: 30 April 2006.
  17. ^ "The Airbus A300". CBC News. 2001-11-12. Retrieved 2009-08-24 .
  18. ^ "TriStar Flies to Moscow". Flight International. March 21, 1974. p. 358. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015.
  19. ^ Smith, Hedrick (March xiii, 1974). "Lockheed'southward Tristar Is Displayed in Soviet". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 Feb 2021. Retrieved twenty February 2021.
  20. ^ "Russia's New Long-Hauler". Flight International. Baronial 20, 1977. p. 524. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019.
  21. ^ "Business | Airbus unveils 'superjumbo' jet". BBC News. 2005-01-eighteen. Retrieved 2009-12-20 .
  22. ^ Pallini, Thomas (30 July 2020). "Coach planes are going extinct equally Airbus and Boeing discontinue their largest models. Here's why airlines are abandoning 4-engine jets". Business Insider . Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  23. ^ Bor, Robert (2003). Passenger Behaviour. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 170. ISBN9780754609360.
  24. ^ "Record Year For The World'south Largest, Almost Powerful Jet Engine" (Printing release). GE Aviation. January 19, 2012.
  25. ^ "GE90-115B Fan Completing Bract Testing; On Schedule For Start Engine To Examination" (Printing release). GE Aviation. June 17, 2001.
  26. ^ "GE strives to identify Air France engine fault". Flight International. January iii, 2006.
  27. ^ Guy Norris; Mark Wagner (2005). Airbus A380: superjumbo of the 21st century. Zenith Banner. pp. 105–115. ISBN9780760322185.
  28. ^ Guy Norris; Marker Wagner (2005). Airbus A380: superjumbo of the 21st century. Zenith Imprint. p. 111. ISBN9780760322185.
  29. ^ [one] Archived Nov xx, 2008, at the Wayback Motorcar
  30. ^ "International Business Class". Vaustralia.com.au. 2010-08-xviii. Archived from the original on 2011-11-09. Retrieved 2011-05-21 .
  31. ^ "A380 First Course Social Area & onboard Lounge | Emirates A380 First Class | The Emirates A380 | Our Fleet | Flying with". Emirates. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-12-20 .
  32. ^ "Emirates A380 First Grade cabin features". Emirates. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  33. ^ Kingsley-Jones, Max (1 September 2008). "Double luxury — how the airlines are configuring their A380s". FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008.
  34. ^ "Airline Seat Pitch". UK-Air.net. Retrieved 2009-02-17 .
  35. ^ "Flying through a storm". Economist.com. 2008-ten-22. Retrieved 2009-03-16 .
  36. ^ "EUROCONTROL — Revising wake turbulence categories to gain chapters (RECAT)". Eurocontrol.int. 2008-11-21. Archived from the original on 2009-05-25. Retrieved 2009-12-20 .
  37. ^ B. North. Sullivan (2008-08-04). "Professional Pilot News: Airbus A380 requires new 'super' wake separation category". Propilotnews.com. Retrieved 2009-12-xx .
  38. ^ [2] Archived September 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ "PICTURES: Airbus prepares A340-600 testbed for GTF ground runs". Flightglobal.com. 2008-09-29. Retrieved 2009-12-20 .
  40. ^ "R-R prepares to ground-test Trent XWB alee of A380 trials next year". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 2011-05-21 .
  41. ^ "GE — Aviation: GE90-115B Prepares For Flying Aboard GE's 747 Flying Testbed". Geae.com. 2002-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-20 .
  42. ^ "Firefighting DC-10 available to lease". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 2009-12-xx .
  43. ^ "Evergreen International Aviation – Supertanker Services Inc". Evergreenaviation.com. Retrieved 2011-05-21 .
  44. ^ "767 Aeroplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). May 2011.
  45. ^ "A300-600 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). December 1, 2009.
  46. ^ "A310 Aeroplane Characteristics for Aerodrome Planning" (PDF). December 1, 2009.
  47. ^ "A330 Airplane Characteristics for Airdrome Planning" (PDF). July 1, 2018.
  48. ^ "AirAsia X A330-300". Seatguru.com. Retrieved 2012-10-01 .
  49. ^ "A340-200/300 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). July 1, 2018.
  50. ^ "787 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Boeing. March 2018.
  51. ^ "SeatGuru Seat Map Japan Airlines Boeing 787-viii (788) V1". world wide web.seatguru.com.
  52. ^ Bradley Perrett (12 Oct 2015). "Treading Carefully" (PDF). Aviation Week & Space Technology. Full-scale evolution of a Chinese and Russian 787-10 competitor looks imminent.
  53. ^ a b Bradley Perrett (November ix, 2018). "CR929 Schedule May Be Optimistic, UAC Says". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  54. ^ "A350 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). June 1, 2018.
  55. ^ Bruno Trévidic (28 Feb 2017). "Visite du 1er A350 d'Air Caraïbes : la classe éco".
  56. ^ "DC-x Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). MCDONNELL DOUGLAS CORPORATION. May 2011.
  57. ^ "MD-11 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). McDonnell Douglas. May 2011.
  58. ^ "L-1011-500 TriStar technical profile" (PDF). Lockheed.
  59. ^ "Ilyushin IL-96-300 Cutaway". Flightglobal.
  60. ^ "777-200LR/300ER Aeroplane Characteristics for Drome Planning" (PDF). Boeing. March 2015.
  61. ^ "777-ix Airplane Characteristics for Airdrome Planning" (PDF). Boeing. March 2018.
  62. ^ "747 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Dec 2012.
  63. ^ "A380 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Dec 1, 2016.

External links [edit]

  • Official Airbus website
  • Official Boeing website
  • Official website of the Ilyushin Aviation Complex
  • Plane seat pitch and width information from eskyguide.com, in table course
  • WidebodyAircraft.nl information and chronology
  • Etihad Airways document of their A340-600 interior.

thomasfread1961.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-body_aircraft

0 Response to "Simple Drawing of a Wide Body Jet Airliner"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel